Middle Earth |
The very name of the land where the adventures of the Lord of the Rings takes place (middle earth) is a direct translation of the Norse name for earth; 'Midgard', the home of Men, Dwarfs, Dark-Elves and Giants.
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Eldamar |
The name of the Elf-home of Eldamar is a word from Qenya. It means 'home-world of Elves'. In Norse Mythology, Alfheim is the homeland of the Elves and it translates to the same thing.
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Species |
Now a days, Dwarfs, Elves, Giants and the like are an accepted and replaceable aspect of fantasy. This is because Tolkien introduced them to fantasy from Norse Mythology. Originally, the had names such as Dvergar, Alfar and Jotun. Many attributes of these species where also copied, including the Dwarfs crafting ability. The name of the Dwarves mentioned are taken from the Norse 'Catalog of Dvergar'.
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Rohrim |
The Rohrim are a people in Middle Earth who love horses. They appear similar to the Swedish, being blond and living in a similar landscape governed in a similar way. They name themselves 'Eorlingas' which comes from the Anglo-Saxon word 'eho' which means horse
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Beorn |
Beorn is a shapeshifter in the 'Hobbit'. He can turn into a bear. His name is Norse for Bear. The most fearsome viking warriors were the Beserkers who would take drugs to gain the mental ferocity of a bear or wolf. This idea was the inspiration for Beorn
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Gandalf |
Gandalf is a wizard in Tolkien's world. His name comes from the Norse 'Catalog of Dvergar', the same as the dwarfs he travels with in 'the Hobbit'. His appearence is likely base on the disguise that the Norse God Odin would take when he wandered as a human
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Shadowfax |
Shadowfax is Gandalf's horse in The Lord of the Rings. Gandalf practically stole him from the Rohrim and he is the fastest horse alive at the times. He is based off Sleipnir, the 8-legged horse of Odin (who I mentioned above, Gandalf is based on). Both are the fastest horses in their respective Mythologies.
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Mirkwood |
Mirkwood is a wood in Tolkien. Elves live there. It is named after 'Mirkwyd', a forest mentioned in the Norse texts.
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The Misty Mountains |
The Misty Mountains are mentioned in the Norse 'Prose Edda' as the messenger Skirnir hurries over them. However, Skirnir must be careful because of the giants and trolls in the mountains, both of which exist in Tolkien's Misty Mountains as well
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Sources
https://www.academia.edu/228734/Norse_Elements_in_the_work_of_J.R.R._Tolkien